I don't think you need to up-armor them, so much as reactive and stand-off armor them (in addition to a metric buttload of ADA capability).
Lose the oil fired boilers and drop in a pair of nuke plants (one forward, one aft). Put a bunch of those azipods on it to drive it. Nothing like watching at BB do a pivot steer in the water.
Four Turrets of triple 16" (or 18") guns (I bet you can find the plans and dust them off, still several steel mills in the US, if not, "Hello Krupp!!"). And use the 8 round per minute auto-loading system the Bundeswehr uses in t PZH 2000 (It fire a 5 round TOT barrage with one tube!!! )
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7XFwT4REHg Throw in a Metric Revload of all kinds of "Fark you and everyone in the same grid as you" missiles, a good ADA suite of missiles and CIWS, plus a super duper Aegis system to control it all. A few drones just to round out the "F YOU!!!" suite of weapons and call it good.
You'd only need a crew of a few hundred, maybe a thousand, tops.
Carriers still do the "Force Projection" mission, but Marines and (new) BB(G)'s do the "We own this here piece of ocean front real estate now" thing.